Scabies

Scabies: 

Scabies (pronounced: skay-beez) is a common skin infestation of tiny mites called Sarcoptes scabiei. The mites burrow into the top layer of human skin to lay their eggs, causing small itchy bumps and blisters.Someone with scabies might notice a bumpy red rash. Occasionally, raised wavy lines where the mites have burrowed may appear, especially on the inner part of the wrist or between the fingers or toes.   
How Do People Get Scabies? 
Scabies is contagious from person to person. Scabies mites (so tiny they need a microscope to be seen)are usually transmitted by prolonged skin-to-skin contact (especially among family members) and also by sexual partners. Mites can live for about 2 to 3 days in clothing, bedding, or dust, making it possible to catch scabies from people who share the same infected bed, linens, or towels. Scabies spreads more easily in crowded conditions  like within a household, childcare centers, and college dorms where people tend to be in close contact with each other.It may take up to 4 to 6 weeks after infection for symptoms to appear in a person who's never had scabies before. In people who have had scabies previously, symptoms may appear in just a few days.   
What Are the Signs and Symptoms? 
The most common symptom of scabies is severe itching, which may be worse at night or after a hot bath. A scabies infection begins as small, itchy bumps, blisters, or pus-filled bumps that break when you scratch them. Itchy skin may become thick, scaly, scabbed, and crisscrossed with scratch marks. The itching is due to a reaction of your body to the mite and/or its feces and eggs.   The areas of the body most commonly affected by scabies are the hands and feet (especially the webs of skin between the fingers and toes), the inner part of the wrists, and the folds under the arms. It may also affect other areas of the body, particularly the elbows and the areas around the breasts, genitals, navel, and buttocks.If a person with scabies scratches the itchy areas of skin, it increases the chance that the injured skin will also be infected by bacteria. Impetigo, a bacterial skin infection, may occur in skin that is already affected by scabies.   
How Do Doctors Treat Scabies? 
Scabies infections need to be treated by a doctor. Check doctor  any time you have a skin itch that will not go away, especially if the itch is worse at night and seems to center around the wrists or the webbed part of the fingers.If doctor suspects you have scabies, he or she may scrape a small part of the affected skin and examine the scrapings under a microscope for signs of scabies mites.Doctors treat scabies by prescribing a medicated cream or lotion. The cream will need to be applied all over the body (except the face, eyes, and mouth), and usually must remain on the skin for 8 to 12 hours before it can be washed off. After applying it, don't wash your hands scabies mites love the area between the fingers! Most often, the treatment needs to be repeated in 1 week. Because scabies can be sexually transmitted, sexually active teens with scabies should be examined for other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), too. Any sexual partners will also need to be treated for scabies.Since scabies is highly contagious and can cause re-infestations, the other members of your household should also be treated for scabies, even if they have no symptoms.If you develop a bacterial skin infection such as impetigo in addition to the scabies infection, your doctor may prescribe antibiotics and, to treat the itching, antihistamines. The itching can, however, last for a few weeks even if you no longer have scabies.If you still have a lot of itching after the infection has resolved, the doctor may prescribe a topical steroid cream like hydrocortisone. Such a steroid cream should only be used if recommended by your doctor because certain infections can become worse with its use. You can return to school or work the day after the treatment is complete.

Adress: Ghosy Azam Hospital Scheme 1 Gujar khan 

Contact;00923215006262/00923315006262

Gonorrhea

Gonorrhea:

Gonorrhea is an easily transmissible STD that affects both men and women. It can cause infertility in men and women when untreated. There may be no early symptoms of the infection. When symptoms develop, they can include burning during urination, vaginal or urethral discharge, and pelvic pain in women. Men may experience swelling of the testes and discharge from the penis. In some cases, the symptoms are mild and the condition is mistaken for a urinary tract infection or yeast infection.

Cause:

Gonorrhea is caused by bacteria called Neisseria gonorrhoeae. These bacteria can infect the genital tract, mouth, and rectum of both men and women. In women the opening to the uterus (cervix) is the first place of infection.

Transmission:

You can get gonorrhea during vaginal, oral, or anal sex with an infected partner.If you are pregnant and have gonorrhea, you may give the infection to your baby as it passes through your birth canal during delivery.

Symptoms:

The bacteria that cause gonorrhea are carried in semen and vaginal fluids and cause a discharge in men and women. A small number of people may be infected for several months without showing symptoms.

For women, the early symptoms of gonorrhea often are mild. Symptoms usually appear within 2 to 10 days after sexual contact with an infected partner. When women have symptoms, the first ones may include:

►Bleeding associated with vaginal intercourse

►Painful or burning sensations when urinating

►Yellow or bloody vaginal discharge

More advanced symptoms, which may indicate development of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), include cramps and pain, bleeding between menstrual periods, vomiting, or fever.

Men have symptoms more often than women, including:

►White, yellow, or green pus from the penis with pain

►Burning sensations during urination that may be severe

►Swollen or painful testicles

If left untreated, men could experience prostate complications and epididymitis (inflammation of the testicles).Symptoms of rectal infection include discharge, anal itching, and occasional painful bowel movements with fresh blood in the feces. Symptoms typically appear 2 to 5 days after infection but could appear as long as 30 days later. 

Diagnosis:

Healthcare providers usually use three laboratory tests to diagnose gonorrhea.

►Staining samples directly for the bacteria

►Detecting bacterial genes or DNA in urine

►Growing the bacteria in laboratory cultures

Many providers prefer to use more than one test to increase the chance of an accurate diagnosis.You usually can get the staining test results while in the office or clinic. This test is more accurate in men than in women.More often, healthcare providers use urine or cervical swabs for a new test that detects the genes of the bacteria. These tests are more accurate than culturing the bacteria.

The laboratory culture test involves placing a sample of the discharge onto a culture plate. A healthcare provider also can take a culture to detect gonorrhea in the throat. Culture also allows testing for bacteria that are resistant to the antibiotics used to treat gonorrhea.

Treatment:

Treating gonorrhea is becoming more difficult because drug-resistant strains of gonorrhea are increasing around the world. If you are pregnant, or are younger than 18 years old, you shouldn't be treated with certain types of antibiotics. Your healthcare provider can prescribe the best and safest antibiotic for you. Gonorrhea and chlamydia often infect people at the same time. Therefore, healthcare providers usually prescribe a combination of antibiotics, which will treat both diseases.

If you have gonorrhea, all of your sexual partners should get tested and then treated if infected, whether or not they have symptoms. Health experts also recommend that you not have sex until your infected partners have been treated.

Adress;Ghosy Azam Hospital Gujar khan scheme 1 

contact:00923215006262/00923315006262

Syphilis

Syphilis:

Syphilis can be cured with antibiotics, but many people don't notice the early symptoms. It can lead to nerve damage, blindness, paralysis, and even death over time if not treated. The first sign is typically a painless sore on the genitals or anal area. It is usually round and firm. A rash can develop later on the soles of the feet, palms, or other parts of the body. Other symptoms can include enlarged lymph nodes, fever, fatigue, or hair loss. Late-stage syphilis can cause damage to many different organ systems.

Syphilis (other than congenital syphilis) occurs in four stages that sometimes overlap.

Primary Syphilis:

The first symptom of primary syphilis is often a small, round, firm ulcer (sore) called a chancre ("shanker") at the place where the bacteria entered your body. This place is usually the penis, vulva, or vagina, but chancres also can develop on the cervix, tongue, lips, or other parts of the body. Usually there is only one chancre, but sometimes there may be many. Nearby lymph glands are often swollen. (Lymph glands, or nodes, are small bean-shaped organs of your immune system containing cells that help fight off germs. They are found throughout your body.) The chancre usually appears about 3 weeks after you're infected with the bacteria, but it can occur any time from 9 to 90 days after you have been infected.

Because a chancre is usually painless and can appear inside your body, you might not notice it. The chancre disappears in about 3 to 6 weeks whether or not you are treated. Therefore, you can have primary syphilis without symptoms or with only brief symptoms that you may overlook. If primary syphilis is not treated, however, the infection moves to the secondary stage.

Secondary syphilis:

Most people with secondary syphilis have a skin rash that doesn't itch. The rash is usually on the palms of your hands and soles of your feet. However, it may cover your whole body or appear only in a few areas. The rash appears 2 to 10 weeks after the chancre, generally when the chancre is healing or already healed. Other common symptoms include:

►Sore throat

►Tiredness

►Headache

►Swollen lymph glands

Other symptoms that happen less often include fever, aches, weight loss, hair loss, aching joints, or lesions (sores) in the mouth or genital area.

Your symptoms may be mild. The lesions of secondary syphilis contain many bacteria, and anyone who has contact with them can get syphilis. As with primary syphilis, secondary syphilis will seem to disappear even without treatment, but secondary syphilis can return. Without treatment, however, the infection will move to the next stages.

Latent syphilis:

The latent (hidden) stage of syphilis begins when symptoms of secondary syphilis are over.In early latent syphilis, you might notice that signs and symptoms disappear, but the infection remains in your body. When you are in this stage, you can still infect a sexual partner.In late part of latent syphilis, the infection is quiet and the risk of infecting a sexual partner is low or not present. If you don't get treated for latent syphilis, you may move on to tertiary syphilis, the most serious stage of the disease.

Tertiary syphilis:

Even without treatment, only a small number of infected people develop the dreaded complications known as tertiary, or late, syphilis. In this stage, the bacteria will damage your heart, eyes, brain, nervous system, bones, joints, or almost any other part of your body. This damage can happen years or even decades after the primary stage.Late syphilis can result in mental illness, blindness, deafness, memory loss or other neurologic problems, heart disease, and death. Late neurosyphilis (brain or spinal cord damage) is one of the most severe signs of this stage.

Cause:

Syphilis is caused by a bacterium called Treponema pallidum.

Transmission:

The most common way to get syphilis is by having sexual contact with an infected person. If you are infected, you can pass the bacteria from infected skin or mucous membranes (linings), usually your genital area, lips, mouth, or anus, to the mucous membranes or skin of your sexual partner.The bacteria are fragile, so you cannot get syphilis from sharing food or utensils, or from using tubs, pools, or toilets.Syphilis can be passed from mother to infant during pregnancy, causing a disease called congenital syphilis.

Symptoms:

Syphilis is sometimes called "the great imitator." This is because it has so many possible symptoms, and its symptoms are like those of many other diseases. Having HIV infection at the same time as syphilis can change the symptoms of syphilis and how the disease develops. 

Diagnosis:

It can be very difficult for your healthcare provider to diagnose syphilis based on symptoms. This is because symptoms and signs of the disease might be absent, go away without treatment, or be confused with those of other diseases. Because syphilis can be hard to diagnose, you should

►Visit your healthcare provider if you have a lesion (sore) in your genital area or a widespread rash

►Get tested periodically for syphilis if your sexual behaviors put you at risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)

►Get tested to be sure you don't also have syphilis if you have been treated for another STD such as gonorrhea or HIV infection

Laboratory Tests:

Your healthcare provider can diagnose early syphilis by seeing a chancre or rash and then confirming the diagnosis with laboratory tests. Because latent syphilis has no symptoms, it is diagnosed only by laboratory tests.

There are two methods for diagnosing syphilis through a laboratory.

►Identifying the bacteria under a microscope in a sample of tissue (a group of cells) taken from a chancre.

►Performing a blood test for syphilis

If your healthcare provider thinks you might have neurosyphilis, your spinal fluid will be tested as well.

Treatment:

Syphilis is easy to cure in its early stages.An antibiotic, injected into the muscle, is the best treatment for syphilis. If you are allergic to one antibiotic, your healthcare provider may give you another antibiotic to take by mouth.

►If you have neurosyphilis, you may need to get daily doses medicine prescribed by doctor and you may need to be treated in the hospital.

►If you have late syphilis, damage done to your body organs cannot be reversed.

While you are being treated, you should abstain from sex until any sores are completely healed. You should also notify your sex partners so they can be tested for syphilis and treated if necessary.

Adress: Ghosy Azam Hospital Scheme 1 Gujar khan

Contact;00923215006262/00923315006262

Chlamydia

Chlamydia:

Chlamydia is a very common infection transmitted by sexual contact. It can cause infertility if not treated. The symptoms may not be noticed, or they may be vague and nonspecific. Some people have no symptoms at all. When symptoms are present, they can include burning or itching of the genitals, discharge, or painful urination. Chlamydia infections can also develop in the rectum and throat.

Cause:

Chlamydia is caused by bacteria called Chlamydia trachomatis. The 15 varieties of C. trachomatis because a range of diseases, from sexually transmitted diseases to a leading cause of infectious blindness, trachoma.

Transmission:

You can get a chlamydial infection during oral, vaginal, or anal sexual contact with an infected partner.

Symptoms:

Chlamydia bacteria can live in vaginal fluid and in semen. About 70 percent of chlamydial infections have no symptoms, thereby naming it the "silent" disease. Symptoms usually appear within 1 to 3 weeks after you are infected. Those who do have symptoms may have an abnormal discharge (mucus or pus) from the vagina or penis or experience pain while urinating. These early symptoms may be very mild.

The bacterial infection may move inside your body if it is not treated.

►In women, bacteria can infect the cervix and urinary tract. If the bacteria move into the fallopian tubes, they can cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).

►In men, bacteria can infect the urinary tract and the epididymis, causing epididymitis (inflammation of the reproductive area near the testicles).

PID and epididymitis are both very serious illnesses.C. trachomatis also can cause inflammation of your rectum and lining of your eye (conjunctivitis or "pink eye"). The bacteria can infect your throat if you have oral sexual contact with an infected partner.

Diagnosis:

Chlamydia is easily confused with gonorrhea because the symptoms of both diseases are similar and the diseases can occur at the same time.The most reliable ways to find out whether the infection is chlamydia are through laboratory tests.

►A healthcare provider may collect a sample of fluid from the vagina or penis and send it to a laboratory that will look for the bacteria.

►Another test looks for the bacteria in a urine sample and does not require a pelvic exam or swabbing of the penis. Results are usually available within 24 hours.

Treatment:

If you are infected with C. trachomatis, your healthcare provider will probably give you a prescription for an antibiotic. Healthcare providers may treat pregnant women with azithromycin, erythromycin, or sometimes with amoxicillin. Penicillin, which healthcare providers often use to treat some other sexually transmitted diseases, won't cure chlamydia.

If you have chlamydia, you should:

►Take all your medicine, even after symptoms disappear, for the amount of time prescribed.

►Go to your healthcare provider again if your symptoms do not disappear within 1 to 2 weeks after finishing all your medicine.

►Not have sex until your treatment is completed and successful.

►Tell your sex partners that you have chlamydia so they can be tested and treated, if necessary.

These steps will help you avoid being reinfected with the bacteria. Repeated infections may increase the risks for reproductive complications.

Adress: Ghosy Azam Hospital Gujar khan scheme 1 

contact: Ghosy Azam Hospital Scheme 1 Gujar khan

Trichomoniasis

Trichomoniasis:

 Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis.

Causes:

Trichomoniasis is found worldwide. In the United States, the highest number of cases are seen in women between age 16 and 35. Trichomonas vaginalis is spread through sexual contact with an infected partner. This include penis-to-vagina intercourse or vulva-to-vulva contact. The parasite cannot survive in the mouth or rectum.The disease can affect both men and women, but the symptoms differ between the two groups. The infection usually does not cause symptoms in men and goes away on its own in a few weeks.

Symptoms:

Women:

►Discomfort with intercourse

►Itching of the inner thighs

►Vaginal discharge (thin, greenish-yellow, frothy or foamy)

►Vaginal itching

►Vulvar itching or swelling of the labia

►Vaginal odor (foul or strong smell)

Men:

►Burning after urination or ejaculation

►Itching of urethra

►Slight discharge from urethra

Occasionally, some men with trichomoniasis may develop prostatitis or epididymitis from the infection.

Exams and Tests:

In women, a pelvic examination shows red blotches on the vaginal wall or cervix. A wet prep (microscopic examination of discharge) may show signs of inflammation or infection-causing organisms in vaginal fluids. Apap smear may also diagnose the condition.The disease can be hard to diagnose in men. Men are treated if the infection is diagnosed in any of their sexual partners. Men may also be treated if they have ongoing symptoms of urethral burning or itching despite treatment for gonorrhea and chlamydia.

Treatment:

The antibiotic is used to cure the infection. You should not drink alcohol while taking the medicine and for 48 hours afterwards. Doing so can cause severe nausea, abdominal pain, and vomiting. Avoid sexual intercourse until treatment has been completed. Sexual partners should be treated at the same time, even if they have no symptoms. If you have been diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection, you should be screened for other ones.

Adress;Ghosy Azam Hospital Scheme 1 Gujar khan

Contact;00923215006262/00923315006262